Superconductor on Magnetic Rails

Superconductor on Magnetic Rails When a superconductor enters the field of a permanent magnet, a current is induced to compensate the internal field and the magnet is repelled. In that way a superconductor can float over a magnet. When the field is increased, for instance by pressing the superconductor a little into the field, some flux lines will enter the superconductor at impurities and it is then held pinned at a certain distance from the magnet. When the field is homogenous in one direction, the superconductor is guided on a magnetic rail. This is tried out with a piece of YBCO yttrium barium copper oxide, a superconductor that becomes superconductive at 93K, a temperature that can be reached with cooling by liquid nitrogen (ln2) boiling at 77K. To stop the superconductor at the end of the rail, the field is made inhomogeneous at the end by turning the magnets. A superconductor does not hold its temperature for long just by its thermal capacity and with fading conductivity it slowly sinks down to the rails. To make it float longer, a housing out of a tea candle shell is formed around it and some drops of liquid nitrogen are added. The alternative to pinning the superconductor to the rails by pushing it in the superconductive state, is to adjust it in a short distance from the rails and to cool it below its transition temperature inside the magnetic field. When the superconductor is taken out from the field and pushed sideways over the tracks a periodic snapping to ...

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